A cancer diagnosis is one of the most challenging experiences anyone can face, and the path through treatment is often just as grueling as the disease itself. While chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and targeted therapies can extend or even save lives, they frequently come with significant physical and emotional tolls.
Amid these challenges, an ancient natural plant remedy is finding its place once again in integrative oncology: cannabis. From providing palliative relief to offering potential anti-cancer properties, cannabis and hemp-derived CBD are emerging as powerful allies for those navigating the complexities of cancer care.
At Holistic Caring & The Green Nurse, we have guided thousands of patients, including those battling cancer or managing the lasting effects of conventional treatments. Many face new health challenges along the way, and we are here to support them every step of the journey.
In this blog, we delve into the science behind cannabis in oncology, its mechanisms of action, patient success stories, optimal dosing strategies, and groundbreaking research—including insights from Cannakeys and the largest cannabis meta-analysis to date. Discover how these plant-based medicines are reshaping cancer treatment and bringing hope to patients worldwide.
Why Cannabis Works: The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) – Cannabis isn’t a universal cure-all. Instead, it interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a crucial regulatory network within the body. The Endocannabinoid System is the body’s largest neuroregulatory network, responsible for regulating all 11 organ systems, the immune system, and neurotransmitter signaling. It plays a vital role in sending messages that instruct the body to take action or refrain, all with the ultimate goal of maintaining balance across all bodily systems. The ECS helps maintain balance across various functions, including mood, pain management, immunity, inflammation, sleep, appetite, memory, and cell repair (Zou & Kumar, 2018).
The ECS consists of:
- Receptors: CB1 (brain) and CB2 (immune and body)
- Endocannabinoids: Anandamide (AEA) and 2-AG
- Enzymes: FAAH and MAGL (which build and break cannabinoids)
When stress, illness, or aging disrupt the endocannabinoid system (ECS), cannabis-derived cannabinoids like CBD and THC can step in to restore balance by mimicking our body’s natural endocannabinoids. Interestingly, during times of illness, the body is thought to produce additional receptors, actively seeking its own endogenous endocannabinoids to help reestablish equilibrium and promote healing.
Learn more: McPartland et al. (2014) describe this as “Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency,” and cannabis may be nature’s way of correcting it.
Cannabinoids and Cancer: What Science Reveals About Their Anti-Cancer Properties – Research continues to uncover how cannabinoids may impact cancer treatment. Studies highlight several key mechanisms through which cannabinoids may fight cancer:
- Apoptosis – Inducing cancer cell death (apoptosis): Cannabinoids may promote programmed cancer cell death (Shrivastava et al., 2011).
- Anti-Proliferative – Preventing abnormal cell growth: Cannabinoids have shown anti-proliferative effects, stopping the spread of cancer cells (Sultan et al., 2018).
- Anti-Angiogenesis – Blocking tumor blood supply: Cannabinoids may inhibit angiogenesis, cutting off blood flow to tumors (Ligresti et al., 2006).
- Anti-Metastatic – Reducing cancer spread: Cannabinoids may prevent metastasis, stopping cancer cells from spreading to other parts of the body (Caffarel et al., 2010).
As research advances, cannabinoids are gaining attention for their potential role in cancer treatment. From reducing tumor growth to limiting cancer spread, these findings show promise for future therapies.
Cannabinoids offer multiple benefits beyond targeting tumors. They can help relieve side effects of cancer treatment, improve mood and cognitive function, promote better sleep and appetite, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and make chemotherapy and radiation more tolerable for patients. These natural compounds are becoming a popular option for managing cancer symptoms and enhancing overall quality of life.
Unlike many pharmaceuticals, cannabis supports multiple symptoms and conditions with fewer side effects—a true pleiotropic remedy.
Cannabis has been used for millennia as palliative medicine to alleviate cancer symptoms, with its application in Western medicine spanning decades. In 1974, scientific research first suggested that cannabis-based therapies could have anti-cancer properties, showing a therapeutic potential to modulate the cancer disease process. Since then, the body of evidence supporting the anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids and terpenes has grown in both depth and detail. (Munson, Harris, Friedman, Dewey, & Carchman, 1975)
https://cannakeys.com/thc-cbd-for-cancer/
While most cannabis-related cancer studies remain in the preclinical stage, the increasing volume of research highlights the significant interest this plant has sparked within the oncology community. Meta-analyses of clinical trials have shown predominantly positive results for both natural and synthetic cannabinoids, such as dronabinol and nabilone. Natural cannabinoids, in particular, are considered safe, effective, and often better tolerated by patients, likely due to their broader actions beyond synthetic THC and CB1 receptor activation. (Cannakeys. 2024)
Cannabinoids have demonstrated potential in relieving cancer symptoms and managing treatment-related side effects, including:
- Chronic neuropathic and cancer-related pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting, especially when resistant to traditional antiemetics during chemotherapy
- Sleep disturbances
- Anxiety
- Mood elevation and improved quality of life
Additionally, cannabinoids and terpenes exhibit well-documented properties such as anti-inflammatory, chemo-synergistic, chemoprotective, neuroprotective, and general organ-protective effects (O’Brien et al., 2022).
The potential of cannabis to directly treat or cure cancer remains scientifically uncertain. While numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that cannabinoids such as THC and CBD can induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and reduce tumor growth in various cancer models (Mangal et al., 2021; Ligresti et al., 2006), these findings have not yet been replicated consistently in human clinical trials.
Anecdotal reports—such as those involving Rick Simpson Oil (RSO), a high-THC cannabis extract—have circulated widely and suggest possible remission in certain cancers, including glioblastoma and leukemia. However, these cases remain unverified through rigorous scientific methodology (WebMD, 2024).
A small pilot study conducted by Guzmán et al. (2006) found that intratumoral THC administration in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme was safe and hinted at potential antiproliferative effects, but the sample size was limited and results were preliminary. As such, despite growing public interest and promising laboratory data, robust clinical evidence supporting cannabis as a curative therapy for cancer is still lacking, necessitating further large-scale, controlled studies.
Many of our patients have reached NED (No Evidence of Disease), while others continue living with cancer as a manageable chronic condition. Through the use of cannabinoids and lifestyle-based medicine, they lead fulfilling and meaningful lives.
In summary, cannabis holds significant promise as both a palliative and potentially therapeutic agent for cancer, but further research on real people is essential to fully understand its role in addressing the underlying disease.
Frontiers in Oncology Meta-Analysis
Meta-Analysis of Medical Cannabis: Outcomes and Implications in Cancer – Frontiers in Oncology 2025 – In this extensive meta-analysis, Castle et al. (2025) systematically evaluated over 10,000 peer-reviewed studies, encompassing 39,767 data points, to assess the therapeutic potential and safety profile of medical cannabis in cancer treatment. Utilizing sentiment analysis, the researchers categorized findings into supportive, non-supportive, and unclear sentiments across various domains, including cancer dynamics, health metrics, and treatment modalities.
The analysis revealed a significant consensus favoring the use of medical cannabis, with supportive sentiments being more prevalent than opposing views. Notably, strong support was identified for cannabis’s anti-inflammatory properties and its efficacy in managing cancer-related symptoms such as pain, nausea, and appetite loss. Furthermore, the study highlighted a growing consensus on the anticarcinogenic potential of cannabis, particularly in reducing tumor growth.
Despite these positive findings, the authors acknowledged areas requiring further research, such as the precise mechanisms of cannabinoid interactions with inflammatory processes and the role of cannabis in cancer remission. The study underscores the need to re-evaluate the legal status of medical cannabis and advocates for more comprehensive research to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential in oncology. (Castle et al. 2025)
Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Cancer Care Management – Cannabinoids like CBD, THC, and others are being widely researched for their potential in managing chronic pain and cancer-related symptoms. Here’s how they may help:
- Relieving chronic neuropathic pain and cancer pain
- Reducing nausea and vomiting, especially chemo-induced nausea
- Addressing appetite loss and cachexia
- Managing anxiety, insomnia, and depression
- Enhancing chemotherapy effectiveness and supporting immune system modulation
Cannabinoids in Research – Current studies focus on cannabinoids like CBD, THC, CBG, CBN, CBC, THCV, and more. Even pharmaceutical versions such as Dronabinol and Nabilone show promise. Researchers are also studying endocannabinoids like AEA and 2-AG, as well as their interactions with receptors such as CB1, CB2, TRPV1, and PPAR-α. (Cannakeys. 2024)
Excitingly, some cannabinoids may even regulate genes, showing potential epigenetic effects. CannaKeys provides detailed research on over 30 types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, brain cancer, and melanoma. Explore the latest findings and evidence on cannabinoid therapy for cancer here. (Cannakeys. 2024)
We recently hosted an online webinar for the Cancer Support Community South Bay in Los Angeles, dedicated to providing guidance and support for individuals living with cancer and their caregivers.
The session explored how medical cannabis can complement cancer treatment, offering hope and healing for the body, mind, and spirit, even amidst the challenges of chronic illness. We covered essential topics, including the most effective cannabis products, tips for ensuring safety and quality, proper dosing alongside traditional treatments, and strategies for collaborating with healthcare providers to seamlessly integrate cannabis into a care plan.
Additionally, we delved into the science behind the Endocannabinoid System and the principle of “Eat, Sleep, Relax, Forget, Protect,” highlighting its key role in maintaining balance, promoting overall health, and enhancing well-being. We reviewed three patient case studies, two of whom have successfully achieved NED (No Evidence of Disease). By understanding these principles, individuals can empower themselves with knowledge to enhance their care journey.
Watch the recorded webinar to explore the three compelling case studies and discover how we’ve made a difference for others in their cancer care journey.
Watch the Webinar on our YouTube Channel
Cancer Support Community South Bay Webinar – The Green Nurses at Holistic Caring
Dosing & Delivery: Best Practices for Patients
Cannabis is far from a one-size-fits-all remedy. Adopting the “start low and go slow” approach is crucial, especially with THC, to prioritize safety and minimize risks. The right choice ultimately depends on your objectives—whether you’re exploring cannabinoids as a potential cancer treatment or using them to ease symptoms and manage the side effects of conventional therapies effectively.
If you are new to cannabis, it’s best to start with Full Spectrum CBD products, as they provide a wide range of beneficial compounds found in the plant. CBD is a multi-target molecule that binds with over 70+ receptors throughout the body; buffering complex biological changes in the body, mind, and emotions. These products can help gently activate your endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining balance in the body. Starting with Full Spectrum CBD allows you to benefit from the synergy of minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and trace amounts of THC, a phenomenon known as the entourage effect. This powerful combination of natural compounds works together to promote overall well-being, providing a balanced foundation before incorporating higher doses of THC.
There are many ways to consume cannabis, each offering unique effects and experiences. From smoking and vaping to edibles, tinctures, topicals, and transdermal patches, there’s an option for every lifestyle and need. Whether you’re looking to use cannabis or CBD for relaxation, pain relief, better sleep, or overall wellness, the right consumption method can make a big difference. Choosing the best way to use cannabis depends on your personal preferences and how you want to incorporate it into your daily routine. With so many options available, finding a cannabis or hemp-derived CBD product that fits seamlessly into your life has never been easier.
Green Nurse Approved – Bloom Hemp CBD
Delivery Methods
- Topicals: Designed for localized relief, these are applied directly to the skin and are effective for managing pain or inflammation in specific areas without psychoactive effects.
- Tinctures: Administered sublingually (under the tongue) for flexible and precise dosing. Effects typically set in faster than edibles and allow for better control over dosage.
- Edibles: Offer a longer duration of effects, making them suitable for sustained relief. They take longer to kick in but provide a more gradual and consistent experience for some consumers.
- Transdermal patches: Provide sustained dosing and effects over time. These patches allow cannabinoids to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream for long-lasting, steady relief.
- Inhalation: Provides fast relief for nausea and pain, making it ideal for PRN (as-needed) dosing due to its quick onset of effects. Great for immediate symptom management.
- FECO/RSO oils: Full Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO) or Rick Simpson Oil (RSO) are potent, high-dose cannabis therapies available in THC, CBD, or a combination. They are commonly used for more intensive therapeutic needs.
Safety, Side Effects and Dosing with Chemo or Immunotherapy – Patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy should consult a cannabis nurse or endocannabinoid clinician to prevent potential interactions and ensure optimal timing of use.
Cannabinoids have the potential to enhance the effects of chemotherapy, allowing for lower chemotherapy doses and reducing side effects. However, this potentiation could also increase toxicity, so it’s important for patients to reduce cannabinoid dosages on chemotherapy days and dose to manage symptoms.
In the case of immunotherapies, which aim to stimulate the immune system using treatments like Keytruda or Opdivo, caution is also essential. High doses of THC or THCA can suppress immune function. Therefore, it is recommended to pause RSO (Rick Simpson Oil) on days when immunotherapy is administered and just dose to manage symptoms and side effects.
During Chemo or Immunotherapy days it has been suggested to limit THC to 25 mg per day for effective symptom relief and keep CBD dosage at 100 mg per day to promote overall wellness. Cannabis nurses create tailored care plans, providing specific guidance for treatment days versus recovery days to enhance support and effectiveness.
Cannabinoids like THC and CBD may interact with medications because they are metabolized by CYP450 liver enzymes. These interactions may affect how your body processes certain drugs. Here’s how to reduce the risk of cannabis and medication interactions:
- Wait 60 minutes after taking pharmaceuticals before using cannabis oils, tinctures or edibles.
- Limit high THC doses (over 50 mg/day), especially during immunotherapy.
- Keep a journal to track your reactions and adjust doses gradually.
Common side effects such as dry mouth, dizziness, and drowsiness are often dose-dependent, meaning they become more likely at higher doses. To minimize these risks, consider balancing THC with CBD, which may help counteract some of THC’s psychoactive effects. Additionally, incorporating other minor cannabinoids like CBG or CBN can provide a more well-rounded experience and potentially reduce unwanted side effects. Experimenting with different ratios and consulting a healthcare professional can help you find the right balance for your needs.
Final Thoughts: Healing with Hope – Cannabis isn’t just a supplement—it’s a powerful whole-system therapy that works to restore balance across all levels: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. By engaging with the body’s endocannabinoid system, cannabis can help regulate processes like pain, inflammation, mood, and sleep, offering a path to holistic healing.
“The therapeutic use of cannabis brings H.I.G.H. to healing—Hope, Inspiration, Growth, and Healing.” – Sherri Mack
For individuals newly diagnosed or those who have been navigating their cancer journey for years, cannabis offers a unique source of relief, restoration, and resilience. When used thoughtfully, with intention, and under proper guidance from knowledgeable professionals, it can become a transformative tool to ease symptoms, improve quality of life, and support overall well-being. It’s not just about symptom management—it’s about fostering a sense of balance, hope, and empowerment.
Martas’ Message on trying Cannabis Oil – She has been in remission since 2017.
References
- Cannakeys. (2024). THC:CBD ratios for cancer. https://cannakeys.com/thc-cbd-for-cancer
- Castle, R. D., Marzolf, J., Morris, M., & Bushell, W. C. (2025). Meta-analysis of medical cannabis outcomes and associations with cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 15, 1490621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1490621
- Guzmán, M., Duarte, M. J., Blázquez, C., Ravina, J., Rosa, M. C., Galve-Roperh, I., … & González-Feria, L. (2006). A pilot clinical study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. British Journal of Cancer, 95(2), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603236
- O’Brien, M., et al. (2022). Cannabinoids and cancer symptom relief: Anti-inflammatory and chemo-synergistic effects. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8869992/
- Ligresti, A., Moriello, A. S., Starowicz, K., Matias, I., Pisanti, S., De Petrocellis, L., … & Di Marzo, V. (2006). Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 318(3), 1375–1387. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.105247
- McPartland, J. M., et al. (2014). PLOS ONE, 9(3), e89566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089566
- Mangal, N., Erridge, S., Habib, N., Sadanandam, A., Reebye, V., & Sodergren, M. H. (2021). Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 147(9), 2507–2534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
- Munson, A. E., Harris, L. S., Friedman, M. A., Dewey, W. L., & Carchman, R. A. (1975). Antineoplastic activity of cannabinoids. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 55(3), 597–602. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1159836/
- Shrivastava, A., et al. (2011). Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 10(7), 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-1100
- Sultan, A. S., et al. (2018). The Breast, 41, 34–41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30007266/
- WebMD. (2024). Rick Simpson Oil for cancer: Overview. https://www.webmd.com/cancer/rick-simpson-oil-for-cancer-overview
- Zou, S., & Kumar, U. (2018). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(3), 833. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877694/